Thermoplastic vs. Thermoset Resins (Composites)

Thermoplastic  polymer  resins are extremely common, and we come in contact with thermoplastic resins constantly. Thermoplastic resins are most commonly unreinforced, meaning, the resin is formed into shapes and have no reinforcement providing strength. Examples of common thermoplastic resins used today, and products manufactured by them include: PET  - Water and soda bottlesPolypropylene - Packaging containersPolycarbonate - Safety glass lensesPBT - Childrens toysVinyl - Window framesPolyethylene  - Grocery bagsPVC - PipingPEI - Airplane armrestsNylon  - Footwear Many thermoplastic products use short discontinuous fibers as a reinforcement. Most commonly fiberglass, but  carbon fiber  too. This increases the  mechanical properties  and is technically considered a fiber reinforced composite, however, the strength is not nearly as comparable to continuous fiber reinforced composites. In general, FRP composites refers to the use of reinforcing fibers with a length of 1/4 or greater. Recently, thermoplastic resins have been used with  continuous fiber  creating structural composite products. There are a few distinct advantages and disadvantages thermoplastic composites have against thermoset composites.​ Advantages of Thermoplastic Composites There are two major advantages of thermoplastic composites. The first is that many thermoplastic resins have an increased impact resistance of comparable thermoset composites. In some instances, the difference is as high as 10 times the impact resistance. The other major advantage of thermoplastic composites is the ability reform. See, raw thermoplastic composites, at room temperature, are in a solid state. When heat and pressure impregnate a reinforcing fiber, a  physical change  occurs; not a chemical reaction as with a thermoset. This allows thermoplastic composites to be reformed and reshaped. For example, a pultruded thermoplastic composite rod could be heated and remolded to have a curvature. This is not possible with thermosetting resins. This also allows for the recycling of the thermoplastic composite at end of life. (In theory, not yet commercial). Properties and Benefits of Thermoset Resins Traditional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, or FRP Composites for short, use a thermosetting resin as the matrix, which holds the structural fiber firmly in place. Common thermosetting resin includes: Polyester ResinVinyl Ester ResinEpoxyPhenolicUrethane The most common thermosetting resin used today is a polyester resin, followed by vinyl ester and epoxy. Thermosetting resins are popular because of uncured, at room temperature, they are in a liquid state. This allows for convenient impregnation of reinforcing fibers such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, or Kevlar. As mentioned, a room temperature liquid resin is easy to work with. Laminators can easily remove all air during manufacturing, and it also allows the ability to rapidly manufacture products using a vacuum or positive pressure pump. (Closed Molds Manufacturing) Beyond ease of manufacturing, thermosetting resins can exhibit excellent properties at a low raw material cost. Properties of thermoset resins include: Excellent resistance to solvents and corrosivesResistance to heat and high temperatureFatigue strengthTailored elasticityExcellent adhesionExcellent finishing (polishing, painting, etc.) In a thermoset resin, the raw uncured resin molecules are crossed linked through a catalytic chemical reaction. Through this chemical reaction, most often exothermic, the resin creates extremely strong bonds with one another, and the resin changes state from a liquid to a solid. A thermosetting resin, once catalyzed, it can not be reversed or reformed. Meaning, once a thermoset composite is formed, it cannot be remolded or reshaped. Because of this, the recycling of thermoset composites is extremely difficult. The thermoset resin itself is not recyclable, however, there are a few new companies who have successfully removed the resin through pyrolization and are able to reclaim the reinforcing fiber. Disadvantages of Thermoplastics Because thermoplastic resin is naturally in a solid state, it is much more difficult to impersonate reinforcing fiber. The resin must be heated to the melting point, and pressure is required to impregnate fibers, and the composite must then be cooled under this pressure. This is complex and far different from traditional thermoset composite manufacturing. Special tooling, technique, and equipment must be used, many of which are expensive. This is the major disadvantage of thermoplastic composites. Advances in thermoset and thermoplastic technology are happening constantly. There is a place and a use for both, and the future of composites does not favor one over the other.

The Ethical Teachings Of Judaism - 1390 Words

Environmental ethics is the attempt to define a system of values to guide humans in the way that they treat the natural world. In Judaism, humankind are viewed as having an extremely significant relationship with the environment and Jews believe that God created the earth and everyone on it. Therefore because of this, it is important as adherents of Judaism to take care of the environment and use God’s creation sustainably. The midrash states that once the world is destroyed the damage is irreparable. It is therefore our responsibility to prevent this from happening by following the ethical teachings that Judaism provides. Judaism effectively provides a number of ways to teach adherents ethical guidance towards the environment to prevent harm, which can be seen through the sacred Jewish texts and its ethical teachings. Jewish texts are the sources of Jewish teachings and significant in their understanding of what is ethical, as the writings are designed to guide adherents thro ugh their lives in accordance with God’s wishes. Sources include biblical, rabbinic, liturgical, mystical and commentator sources. Judaism is a religious tradition that effectively demonstrates ethical teachings and adherents are guided to live ecological lifestyles in accordance to these ethical teachings, which also help to respond to current environmental issues. In Genesis 1:26, humans were given the authority to â€Å"rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over allShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Core Ethical Teachings of Judaism529 Words   |  3 PagesThe core ethical teachings of Judaism are the Commandments of the Torah, the Prophetic Vision and the Book of Proverbs. These ethical teachings are all ultimately derived from the Jewish Bible or Tanakh. The importance of these teachings are to provide Jewish adherents with informed moral choices. One of the most important ethical issues that a Jewish adherent may face is pollution, decisions must be made in favor of methods that involve less rather than greater destruction to the earth because accordingRead MoreJudaism : The Dynamic Nature Of Judaism957 Words   |  4 PagesJudaism The dynamic nature of Judaism offers a successful living religion as a result of its strongly withheld characteristics. Through essential characteristics such as central beliefs, sacred texts, writings, ethical teachings and rituals and ceremonies, Judaism offers a dynamic nature and liveable religion that connects an individual and society with its roots. The way this living religion advances and grows is because of its dynamic characteristics as a whole. 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The Jewish religion of the biblical period evolved through such historical stages as the intertestamental, rabbinic, and medieval to the modern period of the nineteenth century with Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform Judaism. Along the way Jewish religion took on new teachings and practices. But with the lengthy development of Judaism and itsRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Judaism and Islam1508 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of Judaism and Islam Because of the history of political and religious warfare that has separated them, the underlying unity of Judaism, and Islam is seldom recognized except by scholars. Yet these two great world religions have the same origins, the same central belief in monotheism, and to a large extent the same genealogical and scriptural authorities. It is in a greater sense a tale of two sons or two brothes. 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Judaism is one religion where â€Å"it believes, and continues to maintain, that within its religious life men and women have distinct and differentiated roles (Sacks, 1978).† Sacks explains, â€Å"that human freedom extends to the fre edom to choose our commitments

Are Liberty and Equality Compatible Free Essays

string(25) " us in any way possible\." â€Å"Two Concepts of Liberty† defined the distinction between positive liberty and negative liberty. He defined positive liberty as the ability to fulfill one own potential. This Is typified by the phrase â€Å"l am my own master†. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Liberty and Equality Compatible? or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, if I really want to become an economist, then I would be positively free if not discouraged. Negative liberty is defined as â€Å"freedom from external constraint†. The Implications of Positive and Negative Liberty A sketch by Eddie Izard entitled â€Å"Cake or death†4 offers to people exactly that. We might think that be fully free but even the most ardent of fitness fanatics would of course pick cake. Alternatively, a feared, violent and ruthless highwayman offering you â€Å"your money or your Life†5 may illustrate the point. Assuming that we know the highwayman not to be bluffing, not even Scrooge himself would keep his money. Whilst the above two examples are possible to envisage, It Is clear that they are not part of your average society and a more realistic example may be prudent. Many prostitutes can and do hate their jobs, however, they often have no alternative to it, even when not forced to do so. There are several reasons why a prostitute would continue to remain in the trade. A study by London South Bank University identified 9 barriers to exist including drug addiction, lack of education and social stigma. The implications are that we are sometimes faced with decisions where there is only one legalistic possible option. Indeed, a determinist would go as far to argue that we are faced all the time with decisions where there is only one possible outcome and we do not have free will at all and everything is – in principle – predicable. It is clear that we cannot mean free to mean negatively free. However, the argument that freedom Is possible becomes much less tenuous when one considers being positively free. It Is defined as the ability to maximize one’s potential, given the current state of resources available to people. â€Å"Positive liberty Is the possibility of acting ? or the fact of acting ? in such a way as to take control of one’s life and realize one’s fundamental teacher, then he would be positively free if he is able to realism his aims. In short, he is able to maximize his potential. A misconception of Equality Some of the more pedantic among us could argue that equality is possible. Certainly in areas such as mathematics this is true. A simple example such as 8 +7=1 5 shows that equality can exist. However, it is very clear that this is not what one means by equality in this sense. Many would assume that perhaps equality should be defined then as the equal allocation of resources. However, in the context of animal ethics, Peter Singer argued that it this kind of equality is impossible and should not be defined as such; it seems impractical and perhaps immoral for this to be the case. â€Å"Humans have interests in mountain-climbing and skiing, in seeing the world and sampling different cultures. Cows like lush pasture and shelter from harsh weather. Hence to deny humans the right to travel from outside Devon would be to restrict their rights significantly; it would not be a significant restriction for the rights of cows. â€Å"8 However, to avoid complications, we shall not concern ourselves with the epic of equality between animals and humans. Despite this, it can still be applied in the context of between Just humans. For example, it is impractical or pointless to grant women the right to prostate examinations or to equally allocate cricket bats among footballers and cricketers alike. A critique of Singer’s claim above could be done by using the following simple example. Imagine two people, Sam and Simon. Sam inherited a large estate, and is very wealthy, despite a lack of talent, determination or ambition. Alternatively, Simon despite being talented and ambitious received a poor quality of education and comes from a low income family. Although Singer has debunked the argument that equality means the equal allocation of resources, to many this would still seem unfair. However, Singer offers a counter proposal where the impetus of his argument is equal consideration. This is a broadly abstract term but can be applied to many contemporary and relevant examples. For example, laws regarding maternity and paternity leave or resolving conflict between settlers to an area and to indigenous people. Most significantly, Singer’s example could be applied in the context of macroeconomics, in that whilst equality is not honeymoon with social mobility and meritocracy, it can work in close conjunction with the two. State of Nature Before examining the compatibility of the two in a society, it seems prudent to examine whether the two can be compatible without a society, in a State of Nature and synonymous to many as a dyspepsia. A state of nature is a hypothetical thought experiment designed to investigate what a pre-societal life would be like for people. In his Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes posited the claim that, â€Å"a free man is he that in those things which by his strength and wit he is able to do is not hindered to do what e hath the will to do†9, alluding to liberty in its negative sense. He argued, that in the state of nature, liberty did not exist, because actions were hindered by fear of death and fear of the power of others. Despite saying that freedom can only truly exist under a sovereign, Hobbes alludes to liberty in the negative sense. Indeed, others have interpreted his works for people However, people are free in that they interpretation of his own work seems desperately counter intuitive. However, Hobbes has only discussed how we are not free in the negative sense. However, this may not be the case for positive freedom. We are free to maximize our potential. There is no State or Government to restrict us in any way possible. You read "Are Liberty and Equality Compatible?" in category "Papers" Hobbes also comments that men are by nature equal in their powers, as even â€Å"the weakest has strength enough to kill the strongest, either by secret machination, or by confederacy with others, that are in the same danger as himself. 10 One can therefore conclude that humans are free and equal in a State of Nature, an abstract thought experiment. However, this is neither desirable nor permanent. It is a poor quality of freedom and equality in that the standard. In a State of Nature being free and equal means that we are free and equal to be violent against each other and live the â€Å"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short life†1 1 that Hobbes so described. Bringing abstract theory into reality We can establish that these two arguments so that liberty and equality are theoretically possible, however, the question is now is whether these arguments have practical implications. However, what does it mean to be human? Humans are naturally social beings with our own societal friendships, families and relationships. As Hummed pointed out, social contract theory is an unhelpful fiction, because social organization is natural for us is natural. Indeed, a very clear example would be that we all grow up, learn values, language and develop knowledge through parenting, and through social interaction and as a result through discipline, leadership and rules. Therefore, a state of nature must be fiction. Furthermore, equality is referred to as equal consideration, however in a State of Nature, there is no government present to â€Å"equally consider†. Therefore, one has to revert to the equal allocation of resources, and Hobbes argues that reso urces are shared equally, in that people have roughly the same amount of intelligence, muscle and weaponry. However, the equal allocation of resources is something this thesis is trying to revert from. A Utopia? There are three branches of ethics, utilitarianism, deontological and virtue. And in all three of them liberty and equality are highly desirable. For example, given that Utilitarianism has its definition coined as â€Å"the maximum amount of happiness for the maximum amount of people†13, and one does not need to Justify for the purposes of this essay that liberty and equality are most often highly desirable in society. It would therefore seem prudent to examine a utilitarianism society, and examine whether liberty and equality may be possible. In Aloud Huxley â€Å"Brave New World†, a caste system is depicted with the inhabitants ranked from alpha through to epsilon. 14 Despite height, appearance and Jobs available being dependent on what class one is, each person is conditioned before birth (though that is an inappropriate word to use) and each class is perfectly content to remain in their class and does not aspire to be of any other class. Many would repulsed by this state – and whilst it seems desperately counter-intuitive, both freedom and equality can be obtained. Indeed, some would consider the caste system to be not far short of slavery, omitting clearly not very equal. However, equality as equal consideration is allowed for, each individual conditioned with their happiness being viewed in the same equal extent that they are positively free and are able to maximize their potential in their designated class. 15 It seems then that in this example, liberty and equality are compatible. Whilst this fictitious society leaves a lot to be desired, it may be useful to have a look at how this society was reached and see if this can be paralleled in reality. The logical conclusion of capitalism There may be faults with the feasibility of a utopia as well. Huxley assumes that Brave New World is the logical end of capitalism. All activity is aimed at continued consumption, for example the slogan of â€Å"ending is better than mending†16. All obstacles to consumption are removed. Mass production, God and individualism are institutionalized. In order to maintain this freedom, the means of production must be controlled. Utopia translates from Greek meaning â€Å"no place†. 17 Essentially, it means that it does not exist. While there are certainly parallels with society, this is not how capitalism will end, and this is for four interlinked reasons. Firstly, the notion of illogical mass production of humans is deeply concerning and a vital premise to the Huxley argument. One can quite reasonably assert the claim that this will never happen. Secondly, there is a lack of relationships, in the book the notion of family and parenthood is treated with shock and disdain, and as a result society is equal for the reasons given above. However, the notion of family and parenthood does exist, and this can have drastic consequences for the logical conclusion of capitalism. With nepotism and the accumulation of capital there is a case that there is a shift to patrimonial capitalism. However, this will be discussed in more detail later. But most importantly, the logical conclusion to capitalism does not take into consideration how human beings are not always rational. Long before the term behavioral economics was coined, Huxley assumed that â€Å"Homo Economics†18 would prevail. However, people do not always make decisions that maximize their welfare. A very simple argument will show this point to be correct; this is known as the Gambler’s Fallacy. 19 When at a roulette table, people will often assume that if at a table, the roulette wheel has shown to be the color red the previous six times, then it is more likely to e on the seventh spin. However, a simple math experiment with a roulette wheel or a computer will show this to be incorrect, and statistical theory on independence provides the reasoning behind this. Even it were rational to Join this kind of society, the likelihood of this happening is not secure. A Thought Experiment With the exception of a conclusion, the rest of this thesis, will analyses and evaluate reasons why freedom and equality may not be practical in society today. A fully free state shall be assumed, and the question will be posed asking if equality can be produced as a by- product alongside. Finally, the thesis will question the aforementioned assumption in two different ways. The Assumption of a Fully Free State To many this seems like capitalism. However, capitalism is far too broad and can name suggests implies that the state is involved and does not prohibit freedom. Laissez-fairer capitalism might be more prudent as a result. We shall now assume that a fully free state but be one determined by market forces, determined by supply and demand in order for me to be positively free and maximize citizen’s potential. The First Reason – How Liberty Upsets Patterns This heading is not original, it is on page 160 of Robert Nicks book â€Å"Anarchy State ND Utopia†, the heading alludes to an often quoted example of a successful basketball called player Wilt Chamberlain, which is pertinent. In this world, everyone earns exactly the same salary and money is distributed evenly. At each home game, he receives 25 cents from every person playing the game. To the customers, this seems reasonable – he is very good at basketball. If one million watch him play during the season, Chamberlain has $250,000. He has more money than someone else. 20 Let us extend the analogy further so that everyone else earns a sum of $25,000 a year. It seems that although Chamberlain may have more money than everyone else it is not a problem, because this equality can include a meritocracy and equality is defined as equal consideration. This might seem Justified because of marginal productivity theory; some would say that Chamberlain works harder and is more productive so he should receive more money than anyone else. However, there are two issues with this theory. The first is that the facts do not support it. As the recession went on bankers such as Fred Goodwin continued to receive bonuses, despite bringing banks to their knees. Even though they were worse than useless, hey were still receiving money despite having a negative marginal productivity theory. Despite The Royal Bank of Scotland (RUBS) going bankrupt, Fred Goodwin receives a IEEE,OHO pension from RUBS. 21 Secondly, despite Wilt Chamberlain earning ten times more than everyone else is it true that he works ten times harder in order to achieve his wealth? The answer is most likely no. In essence there is a sense of disproportion to the extent of the meritocracy. There is a clear opportunity cost; no one was forced to watch him play basketball. They could have spent their money on everything as mundane from tea bags to headphones. This presents some issues, he now has far more money than anyone else does, and this to many seems unequal. In the I-J, the staggering sums of money that footballers earn is a proponent in an argument for inequality- how can It be fair that Wayne Rooney earns more in one week than the average person earns in 10 years? But this is unequal. The Second Reason – Rent Seeking Economies It is necessary to delineate between two different types of economy, wealth generating and rent seeking. Wealth generating refers to ways of earning money whilst increasing the output of the economy at the same time. A quintessential example would be innovation such as Tyson vacuum cleaners. Rent seeking is defined as â€Å"when a company, organization or individual uses their resources to obtain an economic gain from others without reciprocating any of the benefits back into society through wealth creation. â€Å"22 Here, a useful example would be through a usefully entitled â€Å"The Locust and the Bee†. 23 Here, the locust is analogous to the rent seeking economy and the bee the wealth generating economy. The economist Joseph Zeitgeist has argued that rent-seeking is a large contributor to income inequality in the United States through lobbying for government policies hat let the wealthy and powerful get income, not as a reward for creating wealth, but by grabbing a larger share of the wealth that would otherwise have been produced without their effort. As Paul Grumman points out, most of the richest 1% in the world are generally not the innovators such as Bill Gates or Mark Suckering, but generally those with a much lower marginal productivity, such as Fred Goodwin or C. Douglas McMillan. Furthermore, despite these low marginal productivities, their income, (in America at least) has increased as seen in the graph below. The Third Reason – The Fall of The American Dream? As Josef Zeitgeist points out, Paul Ryan made a speech saying that despite the US Gin coefficient rising, what is really the most significant is equality of opportunity. 24 The question, is can there be equality of opportunity. It is true that the â€Å"Rags to Riches† story as examples well documented across the world with everyone from Will. . Am to Opera Winfred, but as Zeitgeist asserts, the reason they are so well documented is because they are so rare. Given that, the question is do we always have to have an inequality of opportunity, and the answer to that is yes. The first premise that all else rests on is that equality of opportunity must rest on not only a good but equal education. Given that equal opportunity largely manifests itself in a meritocracy. The seco nd premise of the argument is that having an equal education is unattainable. Even if private schools were completely abolished, if money was spent on students exactly proportional to their needs and the best teachers were distributed around the country exactly proportional to where they should be then equality of opportunity may not work for one key reason – chaos theory. The tiniest of changes in an education can lead to drastic consequences, for example, a certain book could be pivotal in attending a place at a prestigious university. Moreover, despite a standardized education, differences in education at home are beyond the state’s control. The First Critique Of The Assumption However, Zeitgeist says, â€Å"Markets don’t exist in a vacuum†25. Indeed, they must be shaped, mainly through the laws of that country. In the USA in the government gave holders of derivatives priority over bankruptcy. This was seen in its bail out of insurer Alga to the tune of $1 ban. This creates a â€Å"heads I win, tails you lose† situation. The first reason why laissez-fairer capitalism does not work is because the way that the market exists is though legislature which undermines what laissez-fairer capitalism sets out to achieve. The Second Critique of the Assumption- The Growth of Capital in the 21st Century The idea that inherited wealth will always grow faster than earned wealth is the main impetus of Thomas Picket’s book â€Å"Capital in the 21st Century’. Pickett argues that as captures in the expression r g, where r is the rate of return to wealth and g is the economic growth rate. Other things being equal, faster economic growth will monish the importance of wealth in a society, whereas slower growth will increase it. However, there are no natural forces pushing against the steady concentration of wealth. Only a burst of rapid growth (from technological progress or rising population) or government intervention can be counted on to keep economies from returning to the â€Å"patrimonial capitalism†. Furthermore, demographics can influence this point. Writes Pickett, â€Å"Consider a world in which each couple has ten children, it is better as a general rule to not count on too much on inherited wealth, because the Emily wealth will divide by ten with each new generation. In such a society the people will have wealth diminished by 10 each generation. 26 Therefore, given that fertility rates are falling all over the world, this means that wealth will be more concentrated in the future. Regardless of the graph below, some people having more money than others can still be equal, and feel that Pickett makes a generalization as a result. However, he argues that people having more money often leads to a fall in social mobility and as a result, increased inequality of opportunity. There is now a event to patrimonial capitalism which is known more informally as crony capitalism. Given how equality is defined as equal consideration and social mobility is key, he argues that not only do some people have more money than others but social mobility is at an all time low. 27 Conclusion It seems that practically, in some form of Utopia akin to â€Å"A Brave New World† or in a State of Nature, the two may both be possible. However, in feasible ideologies, there are impossible. This is because how in a free society, issues. However, the link between equality being defined as equal consideration and equality as the equal allocation of resources is tenuous. The argument of chaos theory may be weak, as people may still be free in that they can maximize their positive liberty in that they can still maximize their potential. Chaos theory only affects the extent to which potential can be reached – not the other way around. In order for this thesis to be stronger, the link between the two warrants further exploration. Perhaps an exploration of Aristotle opinion on equality might be useful to unpick what equality means, as it depends how we look at equality. â€Å"Justice is equality, but only for equals, ND Justice is inequality, but only for those who are unequal†28. This needs further exploration. It seems that practically, in some form of Utopia akin to â€Å"A Brave New World† or in a State of Nature, the two may both be possible. However, in feasible ideologies, these are unlikely. This is because how in a free society, issues. However, the arguments mainly take the form of an inductive argument as shown below. 1. This example (from Nonionic) shows that under a certain societal ideology the two are incompatible, 2. This example (from Pickett) shows the same 3. Therefore, the two are incompatible This is akin to â€Å"Black Swan Theory’, identified by Massif Tale. If one sees a series of the case. Critically, its implications are that no one argument, shows the two to be inversely proportional to each other – for example, as you have more freedom, you get less equality. Whilst the arguments themselves do not prove that as the two are incompatible, they very much support the arguments. Perhaps further discourse is needed to prove – through a deductive argument – that the two are incompatible. Although the simple fact that social mobility is falling, especially as countries become ore and more privatized, implies that the two cannot work together. However, there is a dim ray of hope, as many of the arguments offer suggestions to solutions to solve these problems. Pickett himself proposes a progressive income tax of up to 80% and a global wealth tax of 2%. Furthermore, a 100% inheritance tax is something that others have suggested. 29 On the other hand, these suggestions are highly controversial and are unlikely to be enforced. Whilst, the two are compatible theoretically, on the current trajectory of society, it seems hugely unlikely that liberty will occur in society in the future. How to cite Are Liberty and Equality Compatible?, Papers

The Secret Life of Bees Essay Sample free essay sample

In the movie â€Å"The Secret Life of Bees† directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood an of import thought was maternity. It was the strongest thought in the movie and can be described as the linkage of the narrative. It showed you the effects of guilt and the importance of love and place. Lily Owens was the character that most strongly connected to this thought. Ocular and unwritten characteristics such as costume. music. and camera motion help us understand the thought of maternity throughout the movie. The first clip the subject of the importance of maternity was portrayed was in the gap scenes of the movie when Lilt by chance shot her female parent. The unwritten technique of duologue efficaciously combined with the ocular shootings to assist me understand a small of how Lily’s female parent couldn’t be at that place for her as she was excessively weak to stand up to her hubby T. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Life of Bees Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ray. We hear the statement between Lily’s female parent and her male parent taking to her female parent naming out â€Å"Lily! † This usage of duologue made me understand the thought that Lily’s female parent was in problem and a victim-therefore. non able to decently protect her girl. Another ocular technique used that helped me to understand Lily’s loss and feeling of heartache and self-blame at losing her female parent which lasted through her childhood was the usage of subdued lighting and close-up shootings in the scene instantly after her mother’s decease. The deficiency of fussing love and protection for Lily resulted her being in a modus operandi of maltreatment from her male parent T. Ray. Lily did see fussing love from other of import people in her life. The first individual who showed her this was her nanny. Rosaleen. A scene in which this mothering love became evident was after Lily had been harshly punished by her male parent when he erroneously believed her dark visit to see her mother’s properties was in order to run into a male child. It was her birthday and Rosaleen had baked a bar. Several camera shootings showed how Rosaleen was taking the function of Lily’s female parent and standing up to T. Ray on Lily’s beha lf. A combination of ocular and unwritten techniques helped stress this thought. Lily besides found fostering fussing love in the sanctuary of the Boatwright home-particularly from the materfamilias of the Boatwright place. August. A scene which showed this motherly love in action was August was learning Lily about the bees. â€Å"†¦women make the best apiarists. because they have a particular ability built into them to love animals that biting. It comes from old ages of loving kids and hubbies. † The bee that August was speaking about symbolized Lily’s female parent as she had endured many old ages of T. Ray. In decision I have stated that an of import thought was maternity and maternally love in the movie â€Å"The Secret Life of Bees† directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood. I have outlined how unwritten and ocular techniques were used to do me understand this thought in relation to Lily’s coming-of-age.

Automotive Industry in the United States

Abstract The main purpose of operating any business entity is to generate profit. As a matter of fact, expanding the revenue base and maximizing profits are key concerns of any business enterprise located in a competitive business environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Automotive Industry in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that business organizations should create competitive advantages by developing viable marketplace strategies. The latter is necessary in order to outwit the stiff market competition. Hence, there is need to formulate a management process which is well structured in tandem with the market demands of an organization’s products. An attractive framework has been offered by Michael Porter in this analysis. From the Porter’s Five Forces framework, it is possible for business enterprises to survive and remain profitable even in highly competitive mar kets. For example, management teams in business organizations should not ignore to identify and manage the impacts of substitute products in the market. Any form of a substitute good or service is a real threat to the operations and sustained profitability of a firm. This analysis relates the Porter’s Five Forces framework with the growth prospects of the automotive industry in the United States. Introduction to the Auto Industry A number of factors have generally influenced the transformation of the automotive industry. For instance, manufacturing and assembling vehicle components, changes in the marketing of automotive products, development of supply chain, assembling practices, market fluctuation of fuel prices, development of infrastructures and the overall business structure of the industry have immensely evolved operations in the sector (Samuelson Marks, 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Historical records attest to the fact that the invention and innovation of engines marked the humble beginning of the development of automotive industry. This early development was particularly agitated by the emergence of new forms of transporting energy. For instance, gasoline was used during the 19th century as an important source of energy. Hence, it experienced high demand in different locations. Therefore, new methods of transporting the product were necessary. Steam was also a crucial medium for fueling engines during the century. After the full development phase of various sources of energy, initial automobile firms began to take shape. It can be recalled that the earliest motor vehicle companies were established after full discovery of oil and gas resources. The development of other vital motor vehicle components such as the steering wheel and floor-mounted accelerators followed later towards the late 19th century and early 20th century (Sie miatycki, 2012). As a result, the automotive industry experienced rapid development in terms of both manufacturing technology and the speed of assembling parts. Contemporary vehicles have been made lighter, more fuel efficient, and simpler to use. Nonetheless, it is crucial to mention that the automotive industry is an equal opportunity employer in the United States and other manufacturing countries. In spite of the recent 2007/2008 global economic recession, the future outlook of the industry is still impressive.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Automotive Industry in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A considerable share of the market may not be guaranteed when substitute products enter the market. On the same note, it is inevitable for other competing firms to enter the same market. Managements in organizations should factor such risks when running their firms. Rivalry experienced from other c ompetitors can only be curtailed if thorough strategic planning is put in place. In regards to the buyers’ bargaining power, it is crucial to provide customers with a competitive pricing model that is more favorable than that of the immediate market rivals. Besides, the bargaining power of suppliers is fundamental because they are part and parcel of the profit optimization plan of a business enterprise. Industry Definition The automotive industry in America is specifically concerned with both manufacturing and marketing of various types of vehicles. In the course of this core function, the industry also designs the automobile products according to the tastes and preferences of the targeted market. Hence, this calls for continuous Research and Development (RD) in the sector (Siemiatycki, 2012). Both the local and overseas markets are supplied with motor vehicles manufactured from the US automotive industry. Statistical financial records indicate that over 70 million pieces of motor vehicles were manufactured during the 2008 fiscal year. These entailed both light and heavy commercial vehicles. Over the same period, the sales volume for brand new motor vehicles was about 80 million. However, the onset of the global credit crunch in 2007/2008 affected the buying power of customers and equally led to high cost of raw materials. Consequently, the industry was compelled to undergo pricing pressure for its products. As it stands now, intense external competition is a major threat to the industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, private vehicle usage has declined considerably as part of cost cutting measures by consumers. Industry Profile Consolidations of the American automotive industry as well as the size and growth rate define the industry profile of the automotive sector in the United States. In addition, three leading manufacturers of light commercial vehicles (trucks) have punctuated the international investment portfolio of the automotive industry in the United States (Uzwyshyn, 2012). Individual companies within the industry are also experiencing significant employment shifts especially when some workers are compelled by situations to change their states of residence. The industry is also a key contributor to labor relations organizations and health insurance schemes (Siemiatycki, 2012). Industry Structure The equipment, parts and motor vehicle departments employ more than one million American citizens besides expatriates. Ever since Chrysler, Ford and General Motors diversified the ir production segments in the market, significant shifts in the industry structure have been recorded. For example, importation and local production of cars by other overseas firms were a common experience since the early beginning of the New Millennium. It is evident that the three main manufacturers diverted their attention in manufacturing light trucks instead of saloon cars (Uzwyshyn, 2012). The foreign manufacturers are a real sourceof competition for Ford, GM and Chrysler motor companies. Due to the desire to restructure the local automotive industry in the US, these firms have already shed off 700, 000 employees. On the other hand, foreign firms have hired close to 400,000 workers in order to meet their production demand. Future Outlook Data obtained from the CAR group indicate that the growth in the sale of motor vehicles will still stagnate in the near future until negative economic effects are phased out completely (McAlinden Chen, 2012). Hence, the future depicts a slow recovery rate of the automotive industry in the US. Even if the US economy begins to perform strongly, the record pent-up demand will be the main driving force in the growth of sales. However, this scenario will only be possible with new vehicles and not used machines. The industry is also expected to recover to the level it was immediately before credit crunch began in 2007. Nonetheless, the same level of recovery might not be attained in automotive employment (Gao, Hensley Zielke, 2014). After scrutinizing the US automotive industry, economic experts argue that this sector of the economy might not experience robust growth in the next few years. Nonetheless, the growth initiatives that have been put in place by the federal government are highly likely to accelerate growth in this industry. If the current innovations are effective enough, then the industry may begin to recover gradually from the year 2016. The double-digit growth in terms of sales may take quite a long time before it is realized. However, there is some hope that the industry will begin to gain momentum by increasing revenue base from 2016 onwards as shown in the graph below. Source: CAR Porter’s Five Forces Strategy Analysis as it applies to the Auto Industry Bargaining Power of Buyers It is critical for the automotive industry to establish a cordial relationship with consumers of its products. The decline of the buying power of consumers may spell doom to the industry (Mucheru, Mwangi, Mandere, Bichanga Gongera, 2014). In other words, the sector players should make sure that buyers receive the best bargain in the market. The latter should have a sensible and favorable power to bargain products manufactured by the industry. Since the automotive products are relatively standardized, consumers tend to control more power when it comes to making buying decisions. In addition, the competing brands within the same industry creates an impressive playground for consumers to bargain which pro ducts to buy and at what price. Nevertheless, the low production ratio compared to the high number of buyers will obviously make the industry relatively powerful (Porter, 2008). Bargaining Power of Suppliers The industry wields more power than suppliers in this case study. There are strong-willed buyers in the industry who are in a position to champion for their tastes and preferences when dealing with suppliers. This favors the industry players (Porter, 2008). Since major proliferation of automobile firms is absent, buyers will remain powerful at the detriment of suppliers. About 90 percent of value shipment in the US is held by the main automotive firms. Besides, backward integration occurrence will be the main source of power for the industry. Eventually, suppliers will experience a weak bargaining power (Uzwyshyn, 2012). Competitive Rivalry in the Industry Both the US and global automotive markets experience stiff rivalry. Chrysler, Ford and General Motors have apparently sought other external opportunities to sell their products instead of relying on local consumers. These firms have opted to globalize their competition arena as other foreign players take charge of the US market. Poor engagement of these firms in the US markets has led into slow growth of the automotive industry in the wider North American region (Uzwyshyn, 2012). It is apparent that the three rivals have decided to adopt a non-aggressive method of competing at the local market. Threat of New Entrants There are significant entry barriers into this manufacturing sector. The minimum amount of capital required to initiate an automotive firm is quite large. Hence, the latter is a major prohibitive factor. As a new entrant into the industry, specialized automotive manufacturing facilities are required. Nevertheless, old players in the industry are keenly expanding their operations through strategic partnerships (Uzwyshyn, 2012). The significant setbacks to venture into this sector have enhance d the profitability of existing firms in the industry owing to lack of perfect competition. The global markets have provided a lot of success to most automotive firms. Threat of Substitutes Although there are substitutes to automobiles in the United States, the impacts have not been felt. As much as the American population may opt to travel using airplanes, trains or ships, none of these modes of transport is universally convenient like motor vehicles. The latter offers the best independence and utility for most travelers within the US borders (Uzwyshyn, 2012). Additional time may be required when travelling using trains and ships. Nonetheless, trains and ships are relatively cost effective and may provide a better substitute for travelers who are not in a hurry. A high elasticity of demand is common with substitute automobiles such as airplanes and trains especially in regards to price factor. Conclusion In spite of profitability, the automotive industry in the United States still faces numerous operational challenges. The aforementioned challenges in this industry can be effectively addressed using the Porter’s Five Forces framework. As already discussed in the paper, the threat of new entrants is apparently the main advantage of the existing automotive firms in the US. Several barriers hinder new entrants into this industry and continue to guarantee high profitability for old firms. In addition, substitutes in this industry do not pose any substantial effects as discussed in the paper. However, the bargaining power of customers and competitive rivalry are major issues that still impede the operations of firms in this industry. References Gao, P., Hensley, R., Zielke, A. (2014). A road map to the future for the auto industry. Mckinsey Quarterly, 1 (4), 42-53. McAlinden, S.P. Chen, Y. (2012). After the Bailout: Future Prospects for the U.S. Auto Industry. Retrieved from https://www.cargroup.org/ Mucheru, C.M., Mwangi, S., Mandere, E.N., Bichanga, J.M . Gongera, E. G. (2014). The Application of Porter’s Five Forces Model on Organization Performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(16), 75-86. Porter, M. E. (2008). The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 86(1), 78-93. Samuelson, W. Marks, S. (2012). Managerial economics. New Jersey, US: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Siemiatycki, E. (2012). Forced to Concede: Permanent Restructuring and Labour’s Place in the North American Auto Industry. Antipode, 44(2), 453-473. Uzwyshyn, R. (2012). The US Auto Industry in 2013: Five Forces to Consider. Automotive Industries, 192(11), 221-223. This essay on Automotive Industry in the United States was written and submitted by user Mekh1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Methanol A Future Fuel essays

Methanol A Future Fuel essays This section is about methanol fuel cells for our future. Since I have done this research I have never realized how important future fuels are. Methanol is a liquid fuel made form natural gas or renewable biomass resources. Methanol is the leading candidate to provide the hydrogen necessary to power fuel cell vehicles. The commercialization of methanol-powered fuel cells will offer practical, affordable, long-range electric vehicles with zero or near zero emissions while retaining the convenience of a liquid fuel. By 2004 they say or even sooner, fuel cells operating on methanol will power a variety of cars and buses in the U.S and worldwide.( www.mehanol.org) Methanol is predoninantly produced by steam reforming of natural gas to dcreate a sythesis gas, which is then dfed into a reactor vessel in the presence of a catalyst to produce methanol and water vapor. Although a variety of feedstocks other than natural gas can and have been used, todays economics favor natural gas. Synthesis gas refers to combination of carbon monoxide and hydrogen while a large amount of synthesis gas us used to make methanol, most synthesis gas is used to make ammonia. As a result, most methanol plants are adjacent o or are part of ammonia plants. The gas fed into another reactor vessel under high temperatures and pressures, where monoxide and hydrogen are came in the presence of a catalyst to produce methanol. Finally, the reactor product is distilled to purify and separate the methanol from the reactor effluent. (wwwadfc.nrel.gov.) (Washington, D.C., January 28) A study by the environmental engineering firm Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. finds far fewer environmental threats from using methanol in fuel cell vehicles, compared to gasoline's use for internal combustion engines. In addition, a video presentation on methanol and the environment produced by the Public Interest Video Network will be premiered at "Th ...

Summar of the Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summar of the - Essay Example Bi-directional case studies were conducted to assess the impact at back end and at the clients end. This paper does not limit its research to one area, rather it is based on the study of the content assessment, the technology incorporated and the algorithm used towards the data collection techniques. The categorized usage of blogs has seen implementation from the main leads of the industry. One similar example of its categorized usage came about from Microsoft when they implemented MSDN. The core function of this blog was to provide the technical platform of the users and the players associated. This was one of the broad line major approaches undertaken in recent years towards overall expansion of the blogging field. Apart from this other major efforts and seminars conducted towards further expansion of this field came about in 2008, 2009 in the form of TREC conference. The purpose of this entire activity is to bring uniformity and more effective outlook to the usage of blogs. The broad sectoring would allow for a more active and interactive outlook of the blogging entity making it useful towards different clients. Organizing the blogs can help the companies in many ways. This in turn would allow the companies working according to the needs of the clients. Through the desired segmentation and organization of the data and information of the blog websites that are spread all over, the companies and their targeting approach will allow for promoting their ideas at the right place. In other words, it would enable them reaching to the right kind of clients at the right time and in the right manner. This is the core idea proposed by the research paper at hand. Critical decisions can be made with regard to the areas of investment and the areas of clients requirements fulfillment. Undertaking this task would bring along number of